Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die technischen Grundlagen und die
Anwendungen der Kontrastmittelsonographie. Ultraschallkontrastmittel sind bei einer
Vielzahl von Organen evaluiert worden. Vor allem in der Leber besitzen sie in der
Hand des Geübten einen unbestrittenen Stellenwert. Im Nahbereich (z. B. Mamma, Lymphknoten)
sind sie bislang weniger erprobt, da die apparativen Voraussetzungen bei hochfrequenten
Schallsonden erst seit kurzem und bei wenigen Systemen erfüllt sind. Zudem sind mit
Hilfe von Ultraschallkontrastmittel funktionelle Untersuchungen z. B. der Organ- oder
Tumorperfusion möglich. Mathematische Modelle hierfür wurden v. a. zur Evaluation
der Myokardperfusion entwickelt und inzwischen für die Anwendung bei Tumoren adaptiert.
In Tierexperimenten sowie der klinischen Anwendung sind quantitative Parameter der
Gewebeperfusion als Surrogatparameter zur Beurteilung des Verlaufs unter Strahlentherapie
oder Behandlung mit zytotoxischen oder antiangiogenen Substanzen evaluiert worden.
Abstract
This article reviews the technical basics and the application of contrast-enhanced
ultrasonography. Ultrasound contrast agents have been evaluated in various organs
and have proven to be particularly useful in the detection and characterization of
liver lesions. Experiences in small parts (such as breast, or lymph nodes) are so
far limited, because only since recently are the technical prerequisites available
for contrast-enhanced ultrasound high-frequency transducers. Ultrasound contrast media
can be used for functional studies, e. g., of organ or tumor perfusion. Mathematical
models were primarily developed for measuring myocardial perfusion and have recently
been adapted for studying tumors. In animal experiments as well as in clinical applications,
quantitative parameters of tumor perfusion have been evaluated as surrogate parameters
for response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or treatment with anti-angiogenic agents.
Key words
Contrast agents - physics - ultrasound - abdomen
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Solleder P.
Altana Pharma Deutschland, Konstanz (persönliche Mitteilung).
PD Dr. Stefan Delorme
Abt. Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 280
69120 Heidelberg
Phone: ++ 49/62 21/42 24 61
Fax: ++ 49/62 21/42 24 62
Email: s.delorme@dkfz.de